Process and apparatus for wireless telegraphy and telephony



W. E. BEAKES.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY.

APPLICATlON FILED JULY 1, 1918.

1,438,29 Patented De0.12,1922,

L'UUQ7%7T Patented lice. 12, 1922.

UNITED s1Are;svrnram Ol-FJCE.

WILLIAM E. :smxns, or NEW onrina'ns, ioursriena, nssmnon T UNITED raurr coma-m, or Bos'ron', mssacnusn'r'rs, A'COBPORATION or Nnw'mnsmr:

moons nn APPARATUS roa wmELEss rmnenatnr AND ruminant.

Application filed July 1, 1918. Serial No. 242,693.-

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, v

a citizen of the United States, residing at New Orleans, parish of Orleans, State of 5 Louisiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes and Apparatus for Wireless Telegraphy and Telephon of which the following is a specification.

y invention relates to improvements in wireless tele aphy and telephony, and escially to e so-called aerial or antenna.

l: is well known that in order to receive signals of a given wave length the, antenna of the receiving station must be tuned or adjusted so that its natural wave length corresponds more or less closely with the wave length of the incoming signals, and

likewise, since the wave length of the outgoing signals at ,a transmitting station depends upon the natural period of the antenna, the antenna is made adjustable in such a manner as to vary its natural period in accordance with the wave length which it is desired to transmit.

Heretofore it has been common practice to tune or adjust the antenna so as to give it a desired natural period or wave length by varying the factors of inductance or capacity. The object of my inventlon is to avoid the necesslty of using a large inductance or capacity in the antenna for the purpose of adjusting it to desired wave lengths,

and thereby to increase the efficiency of the antenna both when the apparatus is used in 3-5 a transmitting system and when it is used in a receiving system. In accordance with my invention, the adjustment of the antenna to a given wave length is effected in part or in whole by increasing or decreasing its op- 40 erative length, that is to say, the length of its conducting parts. By this means I am enabled to do away with the use of large inductance or capacity in the antenna circuit. I have found that by adjusting the antenna to the desired wave length in this manner a much stronger signal is received or transmitted than would be the case if the adjustment.

were rovided for by including in the system t e usual large amount of inductance 5'0 and capacity and varying these factors. I

do not, in practicing my'invention, necessarily omit from the circuit all inductance and capacity elements, but am enabled to minimize these factors.

A suitable apparatus-for carrying out my WILLIAM E. BnAKEs, v

.composed of any non-conducting panyin i; 1

invention is illustrated in the accompany- 1ng drawing, in which 1 represents a line material, such as silk or hemp, and 2 a line of any good conducting material, such as copper 6( or silver, which acts as a part of the antenna circuit. These two lines are connected together by a joint 3, and are conveniently arranged to pass over a pulley or pulleys 4;. The line 2 is attached to a metallic drum, 6 spool or .cylinder 5 upon which it may be wound by turning the drum in one direction and from which it is unwound when the drum is turned in the reverse direction. 6 is a drum to which the end of the line 1 is attached so that the line 1 may likewise be wound upon or unwound from this drum as the drum is turned in one or the other direction. 8 is a motor for rotating these drums in one or the other direction, and 7, 7 are insulated couplings connecting the drums to the motor. 10 represents a suitable handle for manually rotating the drums. 9 is a line of conducting material connecting the metal drum 5 with the lead 11 to the receiving instruments, or with the lead 12 to the sending instruments; After passing the sending or receiving instruments, the antenna circuit is, of course, completed by a connection to the ground. By turning the drums 5, 6 in one direction the operative length of the antenna 2 is lengthened, and by turning them in the opposite direction it is shortened; and the operative length of the antenna may thus be conveniently changed in order to adjust it to desired wave frequency, the drums being rotated either by means of the motor 8 or by manipulation of the hand crank 10.

This apparatus may be inserted in any of the well known receiving and transmitting circuits. Any number of lines and drums may be employed, although in the accomdraw ng I have shown only one set of nes as they are sufficient to illus- 100 trate the invention. The lines may be suspended from masts or may be embedded in the earth, and they may be in either horizon- .tal, vertical or angular position, depending the method of adjusting, or aiding the admenu that portion of the nntenne circuit which is exposed to ineoelected-megtie wnves or redietions, and whose function it is to collect energy from. them when the apparatus is used as a. receiver for wireless s1 els, and which, when the apparatus is use as e titterfor wireless sils, redietes electro-megnetic weves tobe received et n distant stetion.

What I' cleim. and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In an eppuretus of the character described, an antenna, end, ntteched thereto, as word of non-conducting. mieteriul, iv-wwfor winding end unwinding portions of said neee eee nntennu end of seid eord, end menus for reteting seid d1- rm.

2. In en npperetus of the ohereeter described, en entenne, end, etteehed thereto, e cord of non-conducting meteriel, drums for winding and unwinding portions of said antenna and of said cord, end means for retetin% suid drums, including a. motor.

3. he method of tumng an antenna. which includes ud'usting it to desired wuve length by physice 1y shortening end length enin its eeriel portion by winding and unwin ing the same on a. rotatable member.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my name in the presence of two witnesses this 25th da. of June, 1918.

W LIAM E. BEAKES.

Witnesses Gnome C. Anvnnson, Jennrrn P. 

